Supply Chain Management Financial Supply Chain

Question: Discuss about theSupply Chain Managementfor Financial Supply Chain. Answer: Introduction Supply chain management is the management of good and services that comprises the movement of these raw materials from the initial point to the point of consumption. It is basically the interlinked network where all the raw materials are first acquired then it is converted into the goods which can be usable and then at last it is delivered to the consumers with the help of distribution systems. Supply chain management is a crucial part of any business and it is important for the success of the company and the satisfaction of the customers. This management increases the customer service and reduces the operation costs by decreasing the purchasing and production cost. Supply chain management also helps in improving the financial position as it increases the profit leverage and decreases the fixed assets (Urquhart, 2006). Supply chain management also helps in increasing the cash flow in a business and is the pillar of an organization that helps in managing the issues that an organization is facing and directly or indirectly affecting the corporate strategy. Other importance of supply chain management is it helps in reducing the inventory costs, and helps in maintaining the trust between two partners. It even provides the manufacturing strategy and improves the quality of the products. Most of the successful companies are today relying on supply chain management and through this they are achieving the competitive advantage in the market (Gattorna, 2006). Mainly companies are doing the supply chain management to boost the customer service as this management has a huge impact on the customers as it makes sure that the right product with right quality is delivered on right time. Companies also use supply chain management to improve the bottom Line. Most of the firms value this management as it decreases the usage of large fixed assets like the plants, warehouses and the transport vehicles that are used in the supply chain. Cash flow in a firm also gets reduced because if delivery of products is accelerated then the profits will be high. The objective of the company that uses supply chain management is to ensure the long term benefits and these benefits are enjoyed mostly by the firms that have large inventories and large number of suppliers. Firms that have customers with large purchasing budgets also benefit the most. Basic reason that company uses supply chain management is to save the cost and to coordinate the resources in a best way possible. Supply chain management also reduces the bullwhip effect that occurs through the process integration, better production method and less safety stock in the organization. The basic elements of supply change management that company uses is purchasing, operations, distributions and integration. Main objective of supply chain management is to supply the merchandise that is produced and distributed in the right quantity, to the right location and most importantly at the right time so that system cost can be minimized, customer is satisfied, global competition is gained and further standardization is improved. References Gattorna, J. (2006). Supply Chains are the Business. Supply Chain Management Review. Vol. 10, No. 6, pp. 42-49. Urquhart, H. R. (2006). Managing the Financial Supply Chain. Supply Chain Management Review. Vol. 10, No. 6, pp. 18-25.

Procurement Management

Added value that effective Procurement activities can have to a company or organisation An organisation requires human and physical resources for an effective business operation. Supply chain management is a strategic planning, control and monitoring of processes involved in the material delivery in a company for production of goods and services. Its main aim is to ensure that the end customer gets constant supply of final goods as per their expectations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Procurement Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Procurement is part of supply chain management with the role of ensuring that a company gets materials from the most efficient supplier at an appropriate cost. It also ensures that materials and machinery for production are available in the right time at an appropriate quality and quantity. With an effective procurement strategy, a company is bound to benefit. The role of pro curement department extends from procuring for raw materials, machineries, office suppliers to developing an effective procurement process (Karp, 2005). This paper analyzes the benefits that effective Procurement activities can have on an organisation. Procurement Since the late 1990’s procurement has become an important concerns of different business both in service and product industries. Companies are deploying experts in supplies and purchasing in their efforts to ensure they benefit from an effective procurement logistics. In modern globalized economies, international trade has taken preference giving companies the freedom to procure from different parts of the world. This calls for an extension of procurement department roles as it has to consider international logistic matters. It would be misleading to state that there is an effective procurement method that can be applied to all business set up and yield good results. Each business is superior in its own ways and so do the procurement strategies and mechanisms. However, there are common procedures that must be taken for an effective procurement (Ketchen and Hult, 2006). The diagram below shows a standards procurement system:Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Chart 1 The above diagram shows basic steps involved in a procurement process, each process has its role in the entire process. In case of a failure in one area, then the entire system is likely not to be effective. It involves three major department or sections which are stakeholders they are technical division which is mostly involved in researching the market and prices of various materials. The procurement and contracting department consumes information from the technical team and makes the final decision. The supplier is the heart of the process as he conclude the entire procedure. After a successful procurement, data is collect ed for future procurement decisions. With the growth of the procurement sector, a number of procurement companies offering outsourcing services have emerged, the major decision that a company should make is whether it will manage the systems centrally or locally or it should outsource these services (Khoo, Bainbridge, Spedding and Taplin, 2001). Whichever the option, a well managed procurement department and processes are beneficial to accompany in the following areas: Quality maintenance and value management The quality of a company’s products and services is subject to materials used in the production. If procured goods are of high quality, then the final products are likely to be of high quality. According to 4ps of marketing mix as developed in 1960 by a marketing expert called E J McCarthy, the quality of a company’s product determine the successes and competitiveness of a company’s product in local and international markets.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Procurement Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Maintaining an effective procurement department ensures that there are materials and other inputs required in production at the right time in an appropriate cost. When appealing for customers to buy ones brands, the quality of the products is of importance, quality is measured by the level of utility that a product gives to the buyer. At any one time, the quality of product should be high enough that it can satisfy the expectation of customers. Centralisation and having a full department that thinks and gets to the market to collect purchasing data will go a long way in ensuring that a company gets goods at an appropriate cost. Market forces keep adjusting the prices of commodities due to demand and supply forces. A robust procurement department will be in touch with changes in the market for better decisions. The success of Nokia phone can be attributed t o its high quality products that keeps changing with the needs of the environment (Kouvelis, Chambers and Wang, 2006). Green supplies and company success Industrialisation, town development and increased population have brought about environmental damage; consumers are getting more interested in environmental conservation. They are increasingly becoming aware and concerned about conservation of the environment; they are more willing to trade with those companies that produce environmentally friendly products through environmentally friendly processes. With an effective procurement department, is going to analyze the prevailing condition in the market and make decisions that are responsive to the needs of customers. Procurement department is responsible for developing a green supply chain management; it undertakes internal and external audits to ensure that products and processes are environmentally friendly. It also ensures that goods are produced at minimal or no pollution and the final products do not pollute the environment. When well procured, a company can procure products that can be recycled for environmental conservation. Numerous advantages accrue to a company when it produces via environmentally friendly processes and products. To have an environmentally friendly production, the process starts with procurement of machineries used in production and the materials to be used in production. A company that produces such goods enjoys an increased customer base and favour from environmental policies activities.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For example, the success of Starbucks have been attributed to its strong environmental conservation has lead to its success in its hospitality industry. The process adopted by the company emanates from procurement department where it ensures that a company gets good from farmers that using an appropriate technology (Larson and Halldorsson, 2004). Procurement and building a strong brand name It is the dream of every company to develop and retain a strong brand name. A company with a strong brand name benefit from customer loyalty, minimization of marketing risks, positive responses to changes in prices, and brand-extension. It is also a strong marketing and self-advertising tool. To fight competition, a company needs to create a close attachment between customers and the company’s products. Products are the results of a manufacturing process that initially starts with procurement. Consumers are willing to be loyal to those companies whose processes and products meet their need . When procuring, procuring team ensures that, they have the expectation of the customer in mind. This will ensure that the company has a continued supply of customers for an increased profitability. Toyota Company has maintained the leadership in the automobile industry because of a strong brand name (Manul and Mentzer, 2008) Procurement leads to good Supplier relation For an effective production, a company needs to maintain good relation will all its stakeholders. To develop good business relationship with suppliers, procurement department plays an important role. It ensures that orders are procured in the right time and payments to suppliers effected as per the contract of supply. When a company has good customer-supplier relation, it is likely to get goods at a better price and adequate and reliable market data from suppliers for strategic decision-making. For example when prices of goods are likely to fall, suppliers may have the information, thus when there are good relations, they will pass the information to the company to control its purchase of raw material. Information is power thus when there are adequate supplies information, a company is able to make decisions which are responsive to changes in the market. Starbucks has maintained a good relation with its suppliers has ensured the company has constant supply of goods and services. Procurement assists in maintaining adequate working capital Working capital is the operating finances at the disposal of a company at one particular point to be use finance different expenses. It is the through operating capital that a business can take advantage of opportunities. It is the difference between current assets and current liabilities; it assists in smooth operation of business. To have a positive working capital calls for management of debtors and creditors (Peltz, 2010). Procurement department assists a company to maintain its creditors at a minimum rate; credit policy adopted in a company is crucial in m aintaining a positive working capital. It is the role of the procurement department to ensure that it has a well-managed credit balance to meet the double goals of paying suppliers in time and maintaining a positive working capital (Hokkaido Electric Power Co., 2010) With the assistance of procurement department, the company will be able to take advantage of opportunities in created by the market and mitigate against negative effects of suppliers power. The success of Apple Electronic Company is vested in it adequate working capital; it is able to take advantage of changing technological needs (Fugate, Mentzer and Stank, 2010). Just in time supply mechanism A procurement system assists a company to save on costs of warehousing; a system of efficiency and effectiveness in the procurement system leads to just in time supply mechanism. A just in time supply system ensure that a company gets materials at the right time for an effective production without necessarily holding stock of mat erials (Fugate, Mentzer and Stank, 2010). To have an effective just in time supply system, the procurement department ensure that only goods required in production are procured for and they will be supplied in an effective time. It considers the lead-time of supplies; in times of boom, a company requires more materials that time of low production. Despite having a just in time policy, the company will adjust effectively to changes in demand of materials. A just in time supply means that at any one point in time, the company is has adequate supply at a minimal costs. The costs saved by a just in time system include, saving on warehousing costs, stock maintenance costs and handling costs. The reduced cost reduces the cost of production for a company thus, it can sell its products relatively cheaper than companies can in the same industry (Fred, 2008). Formation of an integrated supply chain management Procurement is a major department in the formation of a supply chain system. Supply chain system is a multi objective decision involving internal and external players procurement is the heart of the system. With invention of computers, integrated supply chain and logistic systems has been developed; for an effective integrated system, the inputs of the procurement department. It provides the developers with information necessary to create lead-times, reorder level and quantity ordering levels. (Darnall, Jolley and Handfield, 2008). An following diagram interpolates an integrated supply chain system; Chart 2 It involves integrating all systems in an organisation for an effective collaboration among different departments. Certain lead-time and reorder levels are maintained to assist in making decision on the amount and timing of an order. Procurement department maintains a pool of data and information regarding suppliers and the product they offer. They also have various credit policies operated by different suppliers thus making a decision on the right supplier at a particular point considering the internal liquidity and needs of good is facilitated. In modern free market, more than one supplier offers different packages for the same goods can supply goods, an effective procuring department will scrutinize and place an order to the customer who supplies goods at an appropriate cost, quality and can be reliable. All this information is with the procurement department thus it assists in making the right decision on whom to procure (Creswell, 1998). Procurement assists in international procurement contracts International trade and globalisation has facilitated the purchase of materials from international market. Although the underlying principle is the same like that implemented in local purchasing, there are special factors that need to be put into considerations. When buying internationally, customs logistic of importing and exporting country should be well understood to ensure that the company operates within the law and understands all costs involved in international procurement. It is the role of procuring department to ensure that it advices the company on such issues appropriately to facilitate the logistics (Cooper, Lambert and Pagh, 1997). Some areas that it needs to advise as far as international procurement is concerned include custom laws, duties, rules of origin, trading blocs and any incentives offered by the government to facilitate such trade. A company without an effective procurement system might make international procurements ignoring monitoring and control policies put in place by a country; alternatively, it may fail to benefit from trade facilitation policies set by national or international bodies. Mearsk limited is successful in international logistic company by understanding international customs laws (Burns, 2000). Procurement and continuous flow of goods For production to occur there is need for raw materials and machinery. To have a continuous supply of goods a company needs to have an effectiv e procurement system. It will guarantee the company and ample supply of raw materials when they are needed in the production plants. When a company has a smooth flow of goods to the market, customers gets confidence with the brand of products, this increases consumer loyalty and preferences. When developing a strong brand, products should be available to customers when they need them, this can only be effected if procumbent department ensures that production plants are well fed with materials they require to meet the expectation of the customers (Balnaves and Caputi, 2002) Procurement and waste management Waste management has been a problem in industries; it can be controlled by using appropriate technology and materials in production. Procurement department undertakes the role of procuring for machinery of the right technology and materials that are likely to produce minimal wastes. Sometimes a company has the option of using materials that can be recycled; procurement department h as the role of ensuring the materials and machinery used emit minimal waste as a process of waste management (Hsu, Tan, Kannan, and Keong, 2009) In rather an indirect way, procurement can order for goods form companies whose system of production are environmentally friendly. When this is done, then the company will be assisting in preserving and managing the environment. Although the benefits from such an angle may not be immediate, they will be felt in the future. Honda Motor Company has benefited in the market because of its effective waste management system; this has assisted the company produce its products at a lower cost. Conclusion For an effective and continuous production, a company needs to maintain a reliable procurement department. It ensures that there is continuous supply of materials and machineries required for production, at an appropriate cost and of the right quality and quantity. When an effective procurement management is maintained, a company gains competitive advantage. The effects of an effective procurement department is felt in the following areas waste management, green supplies, just in time supply, cost management , management of working capital and developing good suppliers-company relationship. It adds value to a company in form of financial gain, reputation and smooth flow of functions. References Balnaves, M. and Caputi, P., 2002. Introduction to Quantitative Research Methods: An Investigative Approach. London: Sage. Burns, R.B., 2000. Introduction to Research Methods. London: Sage. Cooper, M.C., Lambert, D.M. and Pagh, J., 1997. Supply Chain Management: More Than a New Name for Logistics. The International Journal of Logistics Management, 8(1), pp. 1–14. Creswell, J., 1998. Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five traditions. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications. Darnall, N., Jolley, G. and Handfield, R., 2008. Environmental management systems and green supply chain management: complements fo r sustainability?. Business Strategy the Environment, 17(1), pp. 30-45. Fred, D., 2008. Strategic Management: Concepts and Cases. New Jersey: Pearson Education. Fugate, B., Mentzer, J. and Stank, T.,2010. LOGISTICS PERFORMANCE: EFFICIENCY, EFFECTIVENESS, AND DIFFERENTIATION. Journal of Business Logistics, 31(1), pp. 43-62. Hokkaido Electric Power Co., Inc., 2010. FLOW CHART OF STANDARD PROCUREMENT PROCEDURES. Web. Hsu, C., Tan, K., Kannan, V. and Keong, G., 2009. Supply chain management practices as a mediator of the relationship between operations capability and firm performance. International Journal of Production Research, 47(3), pp. 835-855. Karp, H. R.,2005. Green suppliers network: Strengthening and Greening the manufacturing supply base. Environmental Quality Management, 15(2),pp. 37-46. Ketchen, G. and Hult, T.M., 2006. Bridging organization theory and supply chain management: The case of best value supply chains. Journal of Operations Management, 25(2),pp. 573-580. Khoo, H . H., Bainbridge, I., Spedding, T. A. and Taplin, D. R.,2001. Creating a Green Supply Chain. Greener Management International, 2(35), pp.. 71-78. Kouvelis, P., Chambers, C. and Wang, H., 2006. Supply Chain Management Research and Production and Operations Management: Review, Trends, and Opportunities. Production Operations Management, 15(3), pp 449-469. Larson, P.D. and Halldorsson, A., 2004. Logistics versus supply chain management: an international survey. International Journal of Logistics: Research Application, 7(1), pp 17-31. Manuj, I. and Mentzer, J., 2008. GLOBAL SUPPLY CHAIN RISK MANAGEMENT. Journal of Business Logistics, 29(1), pp 133-155. Peltz, E., 2010. Logistics: Supply Based or Distribution Based? Web. This essay on Procurement Management was written and submitted by user Konnor Mclaughlin to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Ontario Childcare Licensing Day Nurseries Manual an Example of the Topic All Posts by

Ontario Childcare Licensing Day Nurseries Manual Introduction Children are blessings and they need to be well taken care of especially during their early years of life. Many parents are normally worried about their children once they attain the school going age. Parents normally have so many fears concerning the childrens new environment since they know very well that their children will interact with very new people. These fears are greatly related to the sanitation practices in nursery schools. The other fear is normally in relation to administration of medication to the children. There is also the aspect of behavior management in children. Need essay sample on "Ontario Childcare Licensing Day Nurseries Manual" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed A look at Ontario childcare licensing day nurseries manual shows that there are various policies and procedures that deal with behavior management, sanitary practices and administration of medication. These policies and also procedures dealing with the children act as guidelines which stipulated how the children should be treated in terms of their sanitation, their administration as well as their medication. This paper is dealing with these policies and procedures. Thus the behavior management in all the nursery schools is very important. (Rudolf, 2000) Behavior management Before one starts working with children in nursery schools every member of staff, student and volunteer is required to sign a policy of behavior management. This policy agreement is significantly important since it guides the people interacting with the children in the nurseries handle the children in the acceptable manner. This normally includes various issues that are of great importance while handling the children. First of all, this policy says that no form of corporal punishment is allowed on the children in any time whatsoever irrespective of the childrens misbehavior. According to the Day Nurseries Act, corporal punishment includes slapping, grabbing, biting, pinching, shaking, pushing and hitting. All these acts or behavior practices are not allowed in schools and there are consequences which would follow any person who cares for the children and applies the corporal punishment on them. The Day Nurseries Act ensures that the child is actually totally protected from any existing harm in their environment. According to the Act, humiliation of the child is not allowed from the childs caregivers especially in the school environment. This includes degrading the children and making them feel lesser that their fellows, teasing and also using abusive language on the children, taunting the children and also being sarcastic on the children. If any of the above listed humiliating actions are done on the children either physically or verbally then they are against the Day Nurseries Act. It is not allowed to confine a child in a room alone as it is not safe. This policy states that a child should not be deprived of the basic needs whatsoever while in school they should be allowed to freely have their needs met such as the provision of food, clothing and also shelter. These basic needs are virtually important for the children and therefore their teachers have to adhere to this. The Ontario childcare licensing day nurseries manual has the behavior management policy that clearly has guidelines as to the behavior that we should have towards the children. This means that at any instance should never be used as a form of punishment to the child. This includes the threats during lunch time or during snack. This helps to ensure that children always have access to these basic needs because they are very essential for their growth. The behavior management policy states teachers or volunteers have to ensure that access to liquids has always to be available to the child. Liquids in this case include water and juice among others. This are also very essential as many children always feel thirsty when they are in school whether they are in class or when they are outdoors playing. (Rudolf, 2000). Similarly according to the Act the children should not be put in a position where they are forced to eat excessive excessively. Children should thus be allowed to eat only that which can satisfy them and they should not be threatened and also forcefully told to eat their food. The behavior management policy also requires that a child should not be reprimanded in any way just because he or she failed to use the toilet. This means that a child should not be punished for this reason. This helps to protect the child and help the child to freely tell their seniors when they have the need of using the toilet. On the other hand if the child is reprimanded for not using the toilet then the child may develop a lot of fear and they will not be free when it comes to the toileting issues. The behavior management policy also states that a child should never be reprimanded or rather punished just because he or she has failed to fall asleep during the time that he or she should rest. This means that the child should be told on the importance of sleep and why it is very needful for them to sleep. This is a practice that many teachers can easily do so the policy is really against it. The policy requires that when an adult observes any mistreatment on a child, he or she must report the incident immediately. It is illegal for a child to receive any form of mistreatment from their caregivers as well as their teachers in the school environment. In case this happens it can then be reported to the supervisor of the center. This is actually a legal responsibility. In case any violation occurs then the supervisor in charge of the center has to review the whole contravention with the person who is involved. The supervisor then has to outline the necessary and acceptable methods that are required. In case of intentional harm on a child then the person who is involved has to be dismissed immediately from the centre. Administration of medication According to the Day Nurseries Act, medication given to children has to be in its original container. The container has to be labeled with the childs name. The label also has to include name of the medication, the date that it was purchased and clearly show the instructions concerning the dosage. By properly labeling the childrens medications the teachers in the school environments avoid any form of accidents which would occur when the children are given the wrong prescriptions. This should also include how the medicine needs to be stored. The Ontario Licensing Day Nurseries manual indicates that any form of medication that has to be given to a child must be prescribed by a doctor. This helps to protect the child from being given wrong prescriptions by the teachers or even volunteers. Medicines should also be kept out of the reach of the children. This would similarly help in reducing the number of accidents which occur in the children that are caused by the wrong storage of any medication. According to medication procedures, it is a requirement that graduated instruments need to be at hand at all times. These should be at least one dozen and also be the clear type of instruments. It is a requirement that a graduated instrument has to be used at all times when medication is being administered. (Rudolf, 2000) The Ontario childcare licensing day nurseries manual requires that when medication is being administered, in no instances should household equipment be used. These include household spoons. This is important as it helps to prevent any wrong measurements of the drugs or medicine that is administered to the child. Just in case any changes are required concerning the medication that is being administered to the child, then both the staff member and the parent have to sign and also indicate the specific changes and the dates that the changes were made. This helps a great deal in avoiding situations where a child is being given to different types of drugs when he or she should just be taking one of them. Just in case an accidental administration of medication is done then a call has to be placed to the poison control center whereby the necessary remedies will be advised to the teacher and the parent. According to the administration of medication procedures, it is a requirement that all medication has to be stored in a locked medicine cabinet. This is to help avoid accidents or incidences where children access medicine and take it without the consent of the teacher. This is very dangerous and can lead to serious health problems in the affected children. Children in nursery school going age are very curious and can easily access medicine if stored within their reach. Medication creams on the other hand do not have to be stored in a container that is locked. They still have to be kept out of childrens reach. In case there is any accidental administration of medication, it has to be reported to the supervisor and recorded too for any further reference. If this happens the Ontario childcare licensing day nurseries manual requires that the childs parent has to be notified immediately. That is why the staff needs to keep the records of each child well including the parents contacts so that they can easily be notified in such incidences. (Rudolf, 2000) It is a requirement that designated staff members have to administer medication when in the presence of another member of staff. Both of them have to sign the medication form. This helps to easily locate the people who administered the medication in case need arises. The medication form signed has to include the measurement of the medication and the administration. In the case of medication creams, a designated staff member will administer them to the child and then sign the medication form showing that the medication was administered. It is not a requirement that another staff be present when medication creams are being administered. All these medication procedures have to be adhered to by staff and parents of nursery school going children. This is according to the policies and procedures found in Ontario childcare licensing day nurseries manual. Similarly proper directions should also be followed when it comes to any administration of medication on the children and this should be done by only these people who have been granted such authority. Sanitary practices Sanitary practices are very important especially when taking care of small children. A look at the policies and procedures of Ontario licensing day nurseries manual shows that various sanitary procedures have to be adhered to by nursery schools. One of the requirement is that a school supervisor has to ensure that there are sufficient or enough sanitary facilities. These include ensuring that there is running water and also enough toilets in the schools. This helps to maintain the required standards of cleanliness. The staff and the children have to wash their hands before taking meals. There has to be a teacher to ensure that the childrens hands are clean before they take their meals. It is also a requirement that the rooms used for studying by students have to be cleaned on a daily basis. This includes dusting all the surfaces that are in the classroom. Cleanliness is highly emphasized when dealing with children such that the children should not be subjected to any form of unhygienic practices. The sanitary procedures require that the toilets have to be clean always so that the children do not get diseases like cholera, bilharzias among other diseases. It is a requirement that parents get for their children more than one pair of uniform or clothes that they can change in case the ones that they are wearing are soiled. The utensils that are used by children have to be cleaned regularly and rinsed with clean water. (Rudolf, 2000)Another aspect that is illustrated in the day nurseries act is sanitation in relation to food handling. All the food that is prepared in nursery schools has to be very clean. The staff on duty has to ensure that the food prepared is handled with the required standards of cleanliness. This helps to prevent children from getting diseases like cholera easily. It is a requirement that the water provided to children has to be well treated so that it is clean enough for consumption. Similarly clean water is a very basic requirement when it comes to dealing with children. This means that the children should not be exposed to unsafe water sources such as the leakages from the water sewers. Such exposure could cause a lot of harm to the child in terms of their health. Food like meat that is cooked for children has to be examined by a qualified veterinary doctor. This has to be done and the doctor should sign a form showing the date of checking and the results of the tests done. Every nursery school has to ensure that there are enough caretakers of the children while they are in school. All these sanitary procedures have to be adhered to. (Rudolf, 2000) Conclusion According to the policies and procedures in Ontario childcare licensing day nurseries manual, nursery schools have to adhere to all the policies related to medication, behavior management and sanitary practices. According to the day nurseries Act, humiliation of the child is not allowed. This includes degradation, teasing, taunting, and sarcasm done either physically or verbally. Thus the children should receive proper treatment from their care givers and they should not be made intimidated in any way by their superiors. This policy says that no form of corporal punishment is allowed in any time whatsoever. According to the Day Nurseries Act, corporal punishment includes slapping, grabbing, biting, pinching, shaking, pushing and hitting. All these acts or behavior practices are not allowed in schools. Similarly the children should not be exposed to any form of intimidation in the nursery school setting. The Ontario Licensing Day Nurseries manual indicates that any form of medication that has to be given to a child must be prescribed by a doctor. One of the requirement in relation to sanitary practices is that a school supervisor has to ensure that there are sufficient or enough sanitary facilities. These include ensuring that there is running water and also enough toilets in the schools. All these policies and procedures help to ensure the well being of the child. Reference: Policies and procedures (2007) Rudolf, M. (2000): Ontario Childcare Licensing Day Nurseries manual; New York; Macmillan Press

Euclid Essays (765 words) - Foundations Of Geometry, Euclid

Euclid Essays (765 words) - Foundations Of Geometry, Euclid Euclid Euclid is one of the most influential and best read mathematician of all time. His prize work, Elements, was the textbook of elementary geometry and logic up to the early twentieth century. For his work in the field, he is known as the father of geometry and is considered one of the great Greek mathematicians. Very little is known about the life of Euclid. Both the dates and places of his birth and death are unknown. It is believed that he was educated at Plato's academy in Athens and stayed there until he was invited by Ptolemy I to teach at his newly founded university in Alexandria. There, Euclid founded the school of mathematics and remained there for the rest of his life. As a teacher, he was probably one of the mentors to Archimedes. Personally, all accounts of Euclid describe him as a kind, fair, patient man who quickly helped and praised the works of others. However, this did not stop him from engaging in sarcasm. One story relates that one of his students complained that he had no use for any of the mathematics he was learning. Euclid quickly called to his slave to give the boy a coin because he must make gain out of what he learns. Another story relates that Ptolemy asked the mathematician if there was some easier way to learn geometry than by learning all the theorems. Euclid replied, There is no royal road to geometry and sent the king to study. Euclid's fame comes from his writings, especially his masterpiece Elements. This 13 volume work is a compilation of Greek mathematics and geometry. It is unknown how much if any of the work included in Elements is Euclid's original work; many of the theorems found can be traced to previous thinkers including Euxodus, Thales, Hippocrates and Pythagoras. However, the format of Elements belongs to him alone. Each volume lists a number of definitions and postulates followed by theorems, which are followed by proofs using those definitions and postulates. Every statement was proven, no matter how obvious. Euclid chose his postulates carefully, picking only the most basic and self-evident propositions as the basis of his work. Before, rival schools each had a different set of postulates, some of which were very questionable. This format helped standardize Greek mathematics. As for the subject matter, it ran the gamut of ancient thought. The subjects include: the transitive property, the Pythagorean theorem, algebraic identities, circles, tangents, plane geometry, the theory of proportions, prime numbers, perfect numbers, properties of positive integers, irrational numbers, 3-D figures, inscribed and circumscribed figures, LCD, GCM and the construction of regular solids. Especially noteworthy subjects include the method of exhaustion, which would be used by Archimedes in the invention of integral calculus, and the proof that the set of all prime numbers is infinite. Elements was translated into both Latin and Arabic and is the earliest similar work to survive, basically because it is far superior to anything previous. The first printed copy came out in 1482 and was the geometry textbook and logic primer by the 1700s. During this period Euclid was highly respected as a mathematician and Elements was considered one of the greatest mathematical works of all time. The publication was used in schools up to 1903. Euclid also wrote many other works including Data, On Division, Phaenomena, Optics and the lost books Conics and Porisms. Today, Euclid has lost much of the godlike status he once held. In his time, many of his peers attacked him for being too thorough and including self-evident proofs, such as one side of a triangle cannot be longer than the sum of the other two sides. Today, most mathematicians attack Euclid for the exact opposite reason that he was not thorough enough. In Elements, there are missing areas which were forced to be filled in by following mathematicians. In addition, several errors and questionable ideas have been found. The most glaring one deals with his fifth postulate, also known as the parallel postulate. The proposition states that for a straight line and a point not on the line, there is exactly one line that passes through the point parallel to the original line. Euclid was unable to prove this statement and needing it for his proofs, so he assumed it as true. Future mathematicians could not accept such a statement was unproveable and spent centuries looking for an answer. Only with the onset of non- Euclidean geometry, that replaces the statement

Social Imperialism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Social Imperialism - Essay Example The introduction of social imperialism was formerly understood in the late nineteenth century when socialists and the lower-class movement became partners in imperialism. Its foundation has been related to the misery of the 1870s and early 1880s and efforts by regimes to recover economic losses as simultaneously exasperating labor agitation and socialist. Advocates of imperialism like Joseph Chamberlain and Jules Ferry; justified it by reasoning that the fruits of the kingdom would financially support social reform, give solution for the stagnation and unsteadiness of mid-nineteenth-century European economies and improve the dilemma of the poor—â€Å"the cry of the business population,'† ‘n’, Ferry's words--by having the funds for steady employment making goods for confined colonial markets. Hobson demystified such points of view: overseas investment whether in official colonies or informal areas of influence. He disputed exhausted capital from European-dom estic financial system. More contemptuous politicians such as Bismarck merely appealed to regal â€Å"crisis ideology,† using abroad military adventures and a focal point on outside enemies to distract attention from the deficiencies of economic arrangements and domestic politics. Benefitting the pursuit of kingdom enabled the German country to put off the democratization of political supremacy.Perhaps since, unlike Britain, France was in short of a substantial informal kingdom in the mid-nineteenth century.

Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 7

Management - Essay Example Motosuzhou is looking for technical and training opportunities from developed countries such as US. However, the negotiation failed as the negotiation teams failed to come on common grounds due to communication and trust issues. This case study aims to discuss the dissimilarities between both the cultures and how this impacted the negotiation process. Furthermore, this case study would move on to evaluate the reasons for the failure of the negotiation team and how this was impacted by the composition of the team. In the end, the case study would provide strategic alternatives and recommendations for this particular case. What are the main characteristics of Chinese culture? How do they differ from the predominant characteristics of U.S culture? How do these differences relate to the negotiation process? Chinese culture is a culture quite different from that of the American culture. Chinese culture relies on eastern values and traditions while the American culture is more modernized a nd relies of western values. Often these cultures come at a clash with each other due to the inherent differences in the way people within these cultures interact (Lee, Yang and Graham, 2006). The concept of Guanxi is very important for the Chinese. It relates to the building of a network within the business circle. This relationship is built upon mutual obligations that are not necessarily spoken among the people but these obligations are implied and known. Guanxi is developed usually among the Chinese people and foreigners are not included within this network due to cultural and language differences. The Guanxi is a powerful tool among the Chinese to develop trust among each other and to get the job done with minimal issues. In the case of negotiating with foreigners such as the Americans, Guanxi is not present. This means that the negotiation process lacks one of the basic elements and this makes negotiation considerably difficult (Pye, 1982). Trust is also another aspect of the Chinese culture. The Chinese must trust the other person they are dealing with before they sign an agreement with him. Trust is cultivated by spending time together and by belonging to the network. However, the Americans take on a direct approach. They use the law as a means of dealing with untrustworthy people. In the negotiation process, the Chinese take on a slower approach to negotiation as compared to the Americans (Tung, 1982). The Chinese is formal culture as opposed to the informality found within the American culture. The formality within relationships does not imply that the Chinese are pretentious or false. In the Chinese culture, expressing one’s emotion on the face is considered impolite behavior and thus the Chinese have a method of masking their emotions of hurt, anger, frustration behind a mask of neutrality. The Americans on the other hand, are forthcoming with their emotions and they believe in direct expressing of their emotions. While the Americans rely on direct words to convey their message, the Chinese are usually subtle in expressing their thoughts and opinions (Ghauri and Fang, 2001). In a negotiation process, the Americans go about by laying down the basic principles and demands. Once these demands and principles are acknowledged, they move on to the next phase of the negotiation process. In the Chinese culture, people wish to develop mutual understanding and trust before beginning the negotiation p

In what ways are the state and the law patriarchical institutions Essay

In what ways are the state and the law patriarchical institutions - Essay Example regarded an embodiment of strength and knowledge, they were inclined to be in charge of the social structure to which, in olden times, left women practically incompetent over men. Holy scriptures that date back two thousand years ago illustrate how women were thought to be of no essence. 1 Timothy 2:16 â€Å"I permit no woman to teach or have authority over men. She is to keep silent.† The supremacy of a Patriarchic society extends far beyond the realms of: sexuality, family units, employment and employment compensations, male-on-female hostilities, edifying associations, and the state. (eSSORTMENT, 2002) When society began to depict the roles of men as heads of nations and kingdoms, pioneers of expeditions and discoveries, brave heroes of war, engineers of technology and infrastructure, great thinkers and philosophers, etc., it unconsciously instilled prejudicial thoughts -- that there exists an inferior gender, the female gender. (Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia, 2008) A State is a defined group of people, living within defined territorial boundaries and more or less subject to an autonomous legal system exercising jurisdiction through properly constituted courts; (Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia, 2008) We have mentioned how men were able to superintend the social structure several thousand years ago given the perception of his intelligence to lead, ability to provide for the family, and biological physique that exuded strength and courage. Historically, men were able to illustrate the relationships of superiority and inferiority in society such as master-slave, strong-weak, leader-follower, parent-child, masculine-feminine, patriarch-matriarch, etc. As the dominant figures or spheres in society, men were able to select principal or exceptional people to constitute authority or governance and thus, forming the state. With the existence of the state, laws of society were established which were inclined to be patriarchal in nature. The parameters of